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info in Chinese > 日本发展远程攻击武器 野心
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Posted: Jul.17.2006 @ 10:15 am | Lasted edited: Jul.16.2006 @ 9:21 pm

 

日本发展远程攻击武器 野心威胁亚洲安全
◇字体:[ ]  发表评论 来源:环球时报(06/07/16 10:21) 

  日本有可能攻击朝鲜导弹基地的狂言,已被普遍看成日本近年来最大胆的心怀坦露。在世界对日本到底有没有空袭朝鲜的能力众说纷纭时,美国《纽约时报》指出,日本高官的这番言论背后隐藏着日本试图借机修改宪法中关于“专守防卫”的规定,甚至为“先发制人”大开绿灯。知日本者,美国也!在亚洲历史上,日本曾经是唯一拥有并且使用过“远程攻击”能力的国家,这给美国太平洋舰队和亚洲许多国家带来了灾难性打击。这样一个国家的领导人重提“远程攻击”,外界怎么会相信那是一时的“气话”呢?


  日本现在远程攻击能力有限,但不是没可能  
  日本有媒体认为,日本政要只是说说而已,而不是实际行动,其他国家对此指责日本似乎“小题大做”。不过,据《产经新闻》11日报道,日本政府已经正式开始研究在敌方发射导弹之前摧毁敌方导弹基地的可能性和可行性。
  据美国《新闻周刊》报道,尽管日本军事预算数额居世界前列,但目前还没有“远程攻击”能力,日本自卫队缺少可以打到朝鲜的远程导弹,也没有续航能力可以往返于朝鲜和日本之间的远程战略轰炸机等重要“远程攻击”装备。韩国《朝鲜日报》7月12日也认为,日本目前独自攻击朝鲜导弹基地的能力还很有限。日本2004年曾制定开发类似“战斧”式导弹的计划,但由于各方反对,计划最终未能实现。
  不过,也有军事分析认为,日本可能仍然有能力对朝鲜导弹基地动武。1998年,朝鲜试射“大浦洞1”型导弹,日本防卫厅在一片歇斯底里的报复声中秘密制定了空袭朝鲜导弹基地的计划。据日本《京都新闻》当时披露:这一空袭方案确定启用靠近日本海的石川县小松空军基地,4架F-4EJ战机从海面超低空飞行进入朝鲜领空,在朝鲜雷达发现之前,向朝鲜导弹基地投放16枚500磅MK-82炸弹,然后迅速从高空返回。日本自卫队的地面指挥所和空中预警机则负责提防朝鲜空军的战机拦截。军事专家认为,现在,日本的远程作战能力更有了长足的发展,其主力战机F-15J曾在空中加油机的支援下飞越过太平洋,往返朝鲜根本不是问题;炸弹也改为GPS制导的“聪明炸弹”,可在目标区域防空炮火覆盖范围之外发射;航空自卫队拥有多种电子战飞机,电子战能力在亚太地区首屈一指,完全可以压制住目标区域的防空雷达以及对方起飞拦截战机的机载雷达;日本还拥有2颗军事侦察卫星,并具有全天时、全天候侦察和一定的识别伪装能力。
  二战中日本曾“远程攻击”中国上海
  实际上,发展远程攻击能力一直是日本梦寐以求的目标,日本还曾使用“远程攻击”给亚洲带来了巨大灾难。自19世纪下半叶明治维新以后,日本基于本国纵深短浅、资源贫瘠的劣势,提出“开拓万里波涛”的战略决策,这是该国最早的“远程攻击”版本。在号称关系“皇国兴废”的中日甲午战争和日俄战争期间,联合舰队都以不宣而战、远程奔袭拉开战争序幕。
  在尝到甜头后,日本更是醉心于研制“远程攻击”的军事技术。世界第一架飞机从军舰上起飞后,日本敏锐感觉到这是一个“好东西”,随即建造出世界上第一艘专门航空母舰“凤翔”号。到20世纪30年代,日本已拥有世界第二大海军航空兵力量。1937年8月13日,日本发动入侵中国上海的行动,日军专门编成对华作战的“特设航空队”,通过位于朝鲜、中国台湾等殖民地机场,以及停泊在浙江附近水域的3艘航母,调集250架飞机轰炸上海。后来担任美国陆军部长的史汀生看到日军的表现后,提醒美国注意日本羽翼渐丰的远程战力,但美军内部对此却置若罔闻。
  1941年,日本偷袭珍珠港,183架飞机从6艘航空母舰上全部升空,瞬间摧毁了美国太平洋舰队主力。在太平洋战争爆发短短半年内,日军便几乎控制了西太平洋的制空权和制海权,其“远程攻击”能力也随之达到顶峰。
  日本战后一直梦想恢复“远程攻击”能力
  日本战败后,心有余悸的美国占领当局迫使日本制定和平宪法,解除其陆海空武装,并声称永不保有军队,所有剩余航空母舰和战机全部拆毁。然而1950年朝鲜战争爆发,日本战后经济刚有起色,日本厚生省所属的旧军人便蠢蠢欲动,秘密编制所谓的《关于军备再建的资料》,明确提出:“日本应当保有的海上力量为,航空母舰4艘、巡洋舰4艘……”1958年,日本开始战后第一次《防卫力量整备计划》,日本海上幕僚部也展开航空母舰“地下研究行动”,甚至委托技术研究所完成该舰的草案配备图,不过,由于“违宪”,该计划最后胎死腹中。 http://world.ynet.com/view.jsp?oid=10920068

 

Komen-komen > legalised the prostitutes in Malaysia
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Posted: Jul.13.2006 @ 1:39 pm

I wonder how Pak Lah picked his men in the cabinet. How could he pick those with only 3 years old IQ to run the country.

Oh it is regrading the extension of  the opening hours of the entertainment outlets to attract the tourists.May i proposed that legalise the prostitute in Malaysia and you ( the toursim minitry ) can see loads of sex toruists coming in charter flights. This will enable not only the shops, but also the airlines industry, Now MAS is not doing good, then this will be an added advantage for the MAS.

I never think of Pak Lah that your men are so low quality that they cannot think well just because he is too free in the office that he went through a or maybe two complaints and decided to see his name in print in the papers.

Pak Lah, i am really feeling ashame for you now that you never send your men for course and get them the test before placing them in the cabinet.



Better options other than late nights AS A person in the tourism industry, I do not think opening entertainment outlets until 5am is a good idea to attract tourists to our country.   Tourists who stay up until 5am and sleep in the day are the type of tourists we do not want.  Also tourists visiting our country are those who want to come for shopping and see the flora and fauna that we have to offer.   I am sure if we do a survey, those foreigners that frequent the entertainment outlets are more expatriates than tourists.  Perhaps, the Tourism Minister should look into promoting places like our hills, islands and countryside by providing proper facilities for the tourists instead.  People do not want to come to our country for the wine and women when they can get it easily and much cheaper elsewhere.   We should not try to beat our neighbours by promoting nightlife but should concentrate on what we really have to offer – peace in Paradise!    MALAYSIAN ARAB,   Kuala Lumpur.  

info in Chinese > 每人每日最少说谎25次 九大招&
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Posted: Jul.13.2006 @ 12:11 pm

 

每人每日最少说谎25次 九大招数戳穿谎言
◇字体:[ ]  发表评论 来源:北京科技报(06/07/12 03:04) 

英国媒体称:维多利亚最擅于假笑

■漫画/朱德庸

  专为美国联邦调查局审问疑犯的最新研究———

  在社会交往中,人们说谎或被谎言欺骗的次数之多令人震惊。甚至,美国麻省大学的一位心理学家费尔德曼研究称,每人平均每日最少说谎25次。当然,谎言有不同层次之分,有的谎言是出于善意,对此我们大可不必理会,但若是谎言出于欺骗和伤害,我们又如何知道自己是否被骗呢?

  最近,美国加州大学的心理学家一项最新的研究发现,即使最常说谎的人,当他的大脑转换成假装模式时,也会有下意识的信号可以被抓住,普通人可以像测谎仪一样,抓住说谎者的口实。这项研究是为帮助美国联邦调查局(FBI)职员审问嫌犯的。哪些信号能帮助我们识别谎言呢?

  招数1:不提及自身及姓名美国赫特福德郡大学的心理学家韦斯曼说,“人们在说谎时会自然地感到不舒服,他们会本能地把自己从他们所说的谎言中剔除出去。比如你问你的朋友他昨晚为什么不来参加订好的晚餐,他抱怨说他的汽车抛锚了,他不得不等着把它修好。说谎者会用‘车坏了’代替‘我的车坏了’。”

  所以如果你向某人提问时,他们总是反复地省略“我”,他们就有被怀疑的理由了。反过来说,撒谎者也很少使用他们在谎言中牵扯到的人的姓名。一个著名的例子是几年前,美国总统比尔·克林顿在向全国讲话时,拒绝使用“莫妮卡”,而是“我跟那个女人没有发生性关系”。

  招数2:反复问说谎者同一个问题

  问一个人问题,然后等他们回答。问第二次,回答会保持不变。在第二次和第三次之间留一段空隙。在这期间,他们的身体会平静下来,他们会想,“我已经蒙混过关了。”

  在所有的生理反应消退后,身体放松成为正常状态。当你趁他们不注意再次问这个问题时,他们已经不在说谎的状态中了,他们不是恼羞成怒,就会倾向于坦白。如果一个人说:“我不是已经和你说过这件事了吗?”然后才勃然大怒,这多半是在欺骗。也可能对你说:事情是这样的,我还是对你直说了吧。”

  招数3:说谎时眼睛会向右上方看

  说谎者从不看你的眼睛———他们知道这句忠告,所以高明的说谎者会加倍专注地盯着你的眼睛,瞳孔膨胀。每个人都记得小时候妈妈的批评,‘你肯定又撒谎了———我知道,因为你不敢看我的眼睛。’这教会你从很小起就知道说谎者不敢看眼睛,所以人们学会了反其道而行之以避免被发觉。”实际上,欺骗者看你的时候,注意力太集中,他们的眼球开始干燥,这让他们更多地眨眼,这是个致命的信息泄露。

  另外一个准确的测试是直接盯着某人眼睛的转动,人的眼球转动表明他们的大脑在工作。大部分人,当大脑正在“建筑”一个声音或图像时(换句话说,如果他们在撒谎),他们眼球的运动方向是右上方。如果人们在试图记起确实发生的事情,他们会向左上方看。这种“眼动”是一种反射动作,除非受过严格训练,否则是假装不来的。

  招数4:说谎者从不忘记在你的朋友身上试试,问他们两天前的晚上从离开办公室到上床,他们做了什么,他们在叙述过程中难免会犯几个错误。记住一个时间段的所有细节是很困难的。人们很少能记住所有发生的事,他们通常会反复纠正自己,把思绪理顺。所以他们会说,‘我回家,然后坐在电视前———噢,不是,我先给我妈打了个电话,然后才坐在电视前面的。’但是说谎者在陈述时是不会犯这样的错误的,因为他们已经在头脑的假定情景中把一切都想好了。他们绝不会说,‘等一下,我说错了。’不过恰恰是在陈述时不愿承认自己有错暴露了他们。”

  招数5:声量和声调突变说谎者的声音还会不自觉地拔高,所以如果你问老公刚刚是谁打来的电话时,他突然开始像喜鹊一样说话,你得警惕了。说谎时音调升高往往是因为说谎者为了掩饰虚弱的内心。招数6:真假笑说明一切美国匹兹堡大学的心理学教授杰夫里·考恩正在研究测量疑犯接受审问时面部肌肉变化的机器。“我们可以说出每块肌肉动了多少次,它们停留多长时间才变化的,受试者的表现是真实还是伪装的。”他解释说。

  不过你不需要考恩的机器就可以发现撒谎的男友或者心虚的小姑娘,因为说谎者虚伪的微笑在几秒钟就能戳穿他们的谎言。“真正的微笑是均匀的,在面部的两边是对称的,它来得快,但消失得慢,”考恩说,“它牵扯了从鼻子到嘴角的皱纹———以及你眼睛周围的笑纹。”
http://discovery.ynet.com/view.jsp?oid=10820985

info in English > 潜能发挥靠自己 唠叨父母易
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Posted: Jul.13.2006 @ 12:07 pm

 

潜能发挥靠自己 唠叨父母易使孩子性格拖沓
◇字体:[ ]  发表评论 来源:北京科技报(06/07/12 03:00) 

  6~12岁年龄阶段,是孩子的心理发展的关键时期,也是最易出现行为问题的时期。父母反映(确切的说是母亲在反映)孩子最多的是:“我感到恼火的是孩子做什么事情都拖沓得很!”或“我最头疼的是我的孩子太任性了。”

  其实,儿童所有的行为问题,不管是好的坏的都反映着我们父母的行为方式。

  拖沓和任性是孩子反抗父母的软硬两种形式

  “拖沓”是做事情拖拉、没效率,“任性”是不听别人意见、执拗。看起来这两者有明显区别,但这两种现象有着相关性,即任性与拖沓是反映同一种教育方式下的两个不同侧面。

  拖沓是在父母控制下孩子较“软性”的对抗,而任性是在父母控制下孩子较“生硬”的对抗。看似只表现了其中之一问题的孩子身上,同时也隐含着另一种问题的性质。

  就是说看起来很拖沓的孩子,其实是在用拖沓的手段,说明他的任性:不想按你说的那样做!很任性的孩子,总要以某种或多种方式来表达他的这种执拗个性:要么不等父母话说完,他扭头就走;要么就是你说你的,我拖拉我的;要么就发脾气;要么就是不吭声……因此说,孩子的拖沓就是他的任性,孩子的任性可以用拖沓来表现。总表现得拖沓或任性的孩子内心是无助的

  孩子的问题往往隐藏着他们真实的担忧、愤怒、失望、伤心等。孩子的心理和情绪状态,主要是依靠行为语言来表达。

  总表现得拖沓或任性的孩子,其内心是无助的,情绪是不愉快的:他这种行为背后的无意识语言在说“我斗不过你,我就要这样才舒服”。拖沓的信息里,隐藏有孩子对父母总是“催促”的不满与报复;任性的种种表现的信息里,隐藏有孩子不得不反抗的敌意,而敌意说明父母与孩子的交流中,父母很少甚至没有承认或接受过孩子的情感,而是对孩子过多的干涉。拖沓、任性孩子的父母,一定是用成人对效率的要求在“训练”孩子

  拖沓与任性的孩子的父母,必有其以下行为模式:性格急躁、思维反应快、处事较果断、高价值观、高期望值、讲究效率、喜欢操控和教导人。他们养育孩子的方式,主要以说教、给现成的答案、命令,“你要……”,“你应该……”,“你不应该……”等。在这种行为模式下,孩子体验的是:总有人为我安排、操心、做事,而不必独立思考。因而难以养成对自己行为的负责任能力。

  唠叨型的父母,以成人的行为标准要求孩子。有关日常生活上的事,小孩子不可能很快地、熟练地掌握技巧,对他们最好的帮助就是你的态度:耐心的等待,对任务的困难进行一点评价。如“收拾好床铺很不容易”、“一个小时做好这个模型很难”等。

  如果孩子成功了,他们知道一件很难的事情被征服了,会有满足感;如果孩子失败了,父母知道这件事很难,他们会感到安慰,这样,孩子感觉到了理解和支持,这会加深父母和孩子之间的亲密感。

  而持成人观念的父母,特别是唠叨型的母亲,在孩子做某件事情失败时,或孩子没按她的时间要求做某件事情时,一般从来没允许孩子说出他们的想法,而是以不停的唠叨和不满意的情绪态度,数落和要求孩子(此时的孩子,感觉到的是自己能力不够)。如果重复的是这种行为模式,孩子的“无能感”会导致退缩行为。

  可以这样说,拖沓、任性孩子的父母,一定是用成人对效率的要求在“训练”孩子。但效率对孩子来说,是束缚、是敌人。就孩子的情感而言,效率的代价很高,它可能耗损孩子的才智、抑制兴趣,可能会造成情感的压抑和性格的极端任性。因为孩子需要试验、探索、努力的机会,也需要耐性(耐性意味着给他人时间),需要在没有催促和训斥的情况下学习。

  所以,父母的行为模式决定孩子的行为表现。要改变孩子的拖沓与任性,父母要先正视自己的行为方式。

  教育专题

  强大的动力来自强烈的欲望

  ———让您的孩子发挥无限潜力

  当今社会,对孩子的生理需求和安全需求一般家庭都是能够做得到的,而相对在孩子的社交需求、尊重需求和自我实现需求的教育方面,我们的教育却显得无能为力。

  现代心理学家马斯洛把人的需求分为五个层次,即生理需求、安全需求、社交需求、尊重需求和自我实现需求。其中,成长性动机则是越得到满足越强烈。

  很多时候,高层次的需求都是在家长的强迫下得到满足的。例如,有些孩子从小就开始每天辗转于心算、跆拳道、美术、音乐、英语等各种课外辅导班之间,如果在此过程中遭到挫折孩子就容易失去欲望,不再向更高层次的需求发展。
http://discovery.ynet.com/view.jsp?oid=10820963

info in English > Islam is not about turban and beard
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Posted: Jul.13.2006 @ 11:52 am

 

The Star Online > Nation



Islam is not about turban and beard

By RAPHAEL WONG
newsdesk@thestar.com.my
 

PUTRAJAYA: Islam is not about turban and beard, said the Federal Court in dismissing an appeal by three pupils who were expelled from school nine years ago for refusing to take off their serban. 

– Justice Abdul Hamid Mohammad
The panel of three judges led by Court of Appeal president Tan Sri Abdul Malek Ahmad was unanimous in their decision that not everything that Prophet Muhammad did – or the way he did it – is legally or religiously binding on Muslims, or even preferable and should be followed. 

In the panel were also Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak Justice Steve Shim and Federal Court judge Justice Abdul Hamid Mohammad. 

In his written judgment, Justice Abdul Hamid said he accepted that Prophet Muhammad wore a turban but added that the Prophet also rode a camel, built his house and mosque with clay walls and roof of date palm leaves and brushed his teeth with the twig of a plant. 

“Does that make riding a camel a more pious deed than travelling in an aeroplane?” he asked in the judgment read out by Federal Court deputy registrar Kamaruddin Kamsun  

“Is it preferable to build houses and mosques using the same materials used by the Prophet and the same architecture adopted by him during his time?”  

In 1997, SK Serting Felda headmistress Fatimah Sihi expelled Meor Atiqulrahman Ishak, then 13, and two other students – brothers Syed Abdullah Khaliq Aslamy Syed Ahmad Johari, then 11, and Syed Ahmad Syakur Dihya Syed Ahmad Johari, then 10 – for wearing the turban to school. 

On Aug 6, 1999, the High Court revoked the expulsion order, ruling that the headmistress had no power to expel the students for wearing the headgear. 

On Nov 22, 2004, the Court of Appeal set aside the High Court ruling.  

Justice Abdul Hamid said: “The question is whether the wearing of turbans by boys of the age of the appellants is a practice of the religion of Islam.  

“The pagan Arabs wore turbans and kept beards. It was quite natural for the Prophet, born into the community and growing up in it, to do the same.” 

He added that other people living in desert or semi-desert areas, such as the Afghans and Persians, also wear turbans. 

TO COURT: (From left) Meor Atiqulrahman, Syed Abdullah Khaliq Aslamy and Syed Ahmad Syakur Dihya heading to the Federal Court in Putrajaya hear the decision on their case.
“It is interesting to note that very few of our muftis and hardly any Syariah court judge wear the turban,” he said. 

Justice Abdul Hamid said the court could not ignore the education system that had helped boys and girls to grow up as Malaysians, and educationists should be given respect and credit when they formulate regulations for the general good of students and society. 

Describing the father of the two brothers as angkuh (arrogant), Justice Abdul Hamid said Syed Ahmad Johari Syed Mohamed wanted the three appellants to wear the turban to school because the serban was the “family’s emblem.” 

He said he could not accept the submission of the students’ counsel Mohamed Hanipa Maidin that the school regulation violated the provisions of the Constitution. 

Mohamed Hanipa had submitted that the appeal was related to the right to practise one’s religion and that includes every religious practice that has some basis or has become part of that religion, whether mandatory or otherwise. 

“To accept the learned counsel’s argument would mean that anybody has a right to do anything, at any time and anywhere he considers to be a practice of his religion, no matter how trivial,” said Justice Abdul Hamid. 

Outside the courtroom, Syed Ahmad Johari said he was upset because the school regulations emerged only after his sons started wearing the serban.  

“However, I respect the decision of this court,” he said. 

Syed Ahmad Johari, a public school teacher, who wears a serban and also dons a jubah (robe), said he would discuss with his lawyers the probability of taking the matter to the Syariah Court. 

“Although it is a defeat for me, it is a victory for Islam because this issue has been brought to the highest court of the land. At least, the public would be aware of it,” said the 48-year-old father of six sons aged nine to 18, who all came to court together with turbans.  

 

 



 

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info in Chinese > 全球幸福指数调查 中国居31发&
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Posted: Jul.13.2006 @ 11:49 am

 

全球幸福指数调查 中国居31发达国家靠后
◇字体:[ ]  发表评论 来源:重庆晨报(06/07/13 09:00) 

瓦努阿图人活得最快乐 来源:重庆晚报

   178个国家和地区的排名中,8国集团成员排名50名以外,中国居第31
    就生态环境角度而言,在怎样的国家或地区生活最幸福?英国“新经济基金”组织对全球178个国家及地区做了一次大排名,12日出炉了一份“幸福指数”报告。其中,太平洋岛国瓦努阿图荣登冠军,一批发达国家反而名落孙山。


    结果之所以出人意料,原因在于,评选依据的标准是“获得幸福的投入产出比”,即一个国家或地区的人民生活水平与其对自然资源开采使用的比值。  
    爱生活也爱地球
    “新经济基金”组织总部在英国,与英国“地球之友”组织共同撰写了这份名为《幸福星球指数》的报告。
    “新经济基金”组织在其网站上说,报告旨在衡量一个国家或地区在全球化进程中的“资源利用有效性”。简单而言,就是能否花费最少的资源让人们过上最幸福的生活。
    “新经济基金”组织解释说,计算公式概括来说就是,以人们对生活的满意度指数乘以人均寿命,然后除以当地资源消耗指数。
  中美洲成绩最好
    “新经济基金”组织表示,此次排名中表现最优秀的地区当属中美洲。前十名名单中,中美洲国家占了大多数。
    越南以排名第12位成为亚洲成绩最好的国家,而新加坡则以第131位成为亚洲成绩最差的国家。中国排名第31位。泰国、印度、日本、韩国分别排名第32位、第62位、第95位和第102位。
      非洲国家平均成绩最不理想,包揽了最后10名中的7位,津巴布韦更成为倒数第一。
    发达国家成绩差
    有意思的是,八国峰会在即,而八国集团成员却无一进入排行榜前50名。英国和美国分别位列第108位和第150位,峰会东道主俄罗斯则排名第172位。意大利、德国、加拿大、法国分别排在第66位、第81位、第111位和第129位。
    发达国家为何成绩差强人意?“新经济基金”组织说,这一结果显示出对资源的高度消耗水平并不能与“幸福”直接划等号。孙浩

info in Chinese > 研究表明成绩可能与长相有
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Posted: Jul.11.2006 @ 10:21 am
研究表明成绩可能与长相有关
◇字体:[ ]  发表评论 来源:北京晚报(06/07/11 07:41) 


  帅哥美女们不一定空有一副“臭皮囊”。英国《星期日泰晤士报》7月9日刊登最新研究结果称,长相出众的学生在考试中比其他学生表现更为出色,且在以后的人生中成功几率更大。研究人员发现,由于相貌出众,有的学生在口试和笔试中比其他学生更容易取得好成绩。


  为弄清这个现象背后的原因,意大利维罗纳大学经济学副教授贾姆·彼得罗·奇普里亚尼率领课题组收集了大量数据,其中包括意大利某大学主修经济的885名学生从2001年开始三年的成绩以及一些演员读书时的成绩。


  他们还同时收集了这些学生的照片,由5名教授对其外貌一一评估,并按魅力指数分为1至5级,1为缺乏魅力,5为美丽或帅气。通过对比学生们的外貌等级与考试成绩,研究人员发现,外貌等级为4的学生比外貌等级为2的学生平均考试成绩高出36%。“外貌对学生在考试中的表现影响很大。”奇普里亚尼这样总结长相与成绩的关系,“首先,出众的长相可以增加学生通过考试的概率,其次,长相出众的学生得分比其他学生高。”

info in English > China plans to extend Tibet rail link to India
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Posted: Jul.08.2006 @ 1:59 pm

China plans to extend Tibet rail link to India

Chinese envoy says route could run all the way to Kolkata on the east coast

GANGTOK (INDIA) - CHINA plans to extend its railway linking Beijing to Tibet to a newly opened border point in India's north-east, and possibly link it to India's east coast, the Chinese envoy to New Delhi said yesterday.

Ambassador Sun Yuxi's comments came a day after the Asian giants reopened an ancient Himalayan trading route, once part of the Silk Road, adding impetus to booming bilateral trade 44 years after the link was snapped when they fought a brutal border war.

'Once trade starts, people will demand better transportation facilities,' Mr Sun told Reuters in an interview in Gangtok, capital of the tiny Indian state of Sikkim, which is joined to Tibet through the Nathula pass on the border.

Beijing had decided to first extend the railway to Lhasa, inaugurated last week, to the Tibetan city of Shigatse, then to Yadung, Mr Sun said. 'From Yadung, the Indian border area is only a few dozen kilometres away.'

On the Indian side, New Delhi planned to build a railway to Sikkim and once complete, the missing rail link between India and China would be less than 100km.

'Then, anytime we feel the need we will link it...If the train got through all the way to Kolkata (there will be) lots of potential,' Mr Sun said, referring to India's eastern port city.

Critics say it will spur an influx of migrants that threatens Tibetan culture. But Beijing and some analysts say the railway and the opening of the Nathula route tie in with China's goal of developing the Tibetan region.

Although connecting Kolkata to Lhasa may sound ambitious, more so as the railway would pass through rugged terrain, it could not be ruled out, said a senior Indian Foreign Ministry official. 'For the Chinese...they feel if they can take it to Lhasa, they can take it anywhere.'

Mr Sun said that over time, the locals and then tourists would be allowed to cross at Nathula, making the post at 4,310m the first crossing for citizens of the two nations.

The opening of Nathula also showed India and China could do business though their border dispute was not settled, he said.

Talks to resolve the row have made slow progress and much of the 3,500km frontier remains disputed. Both sides remain positive but a timeframe could not be set to reach a settlement.

'We are expecting a high-level visit before the end of the year and before that, another round of talks,' the ambassador added, referring to Chinse President Hu Jintao's planned visit to New Delhi. -- REUTERS

info in English > Bilingual education key to goal of unified South
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Posted: Jul.08.2006 @ 1:54 pm

Bilingual education key to goal of unified South

Published on May 10, 2005


The mother tongue of more than one million Thai citizens in the southernmost provinces is not Thai but a local dialect. There is still no consensus on what to call that dialect, so I will tentatively refer to it as “Melayu thin Thai”.



The dialect is similar to Bhasa, itself a dialect of Malay, widely used in Malaysia and Indonesia, and could claim to be one of the best-preserved dialects of the language. As Thai authorities have had a policy all along of assimilating minorities, Melayu thin Thai has not been a part of our education system, let alone a medium of instruction in school.

As the overall threat to national integrity seems to subside and since the violence in the southernmost provinces is partially due to policies of assimilation, it is time to change the policy from assimilation to integration based on creating a unity of nations (Samaanachan). For such an initiative to succeed, we have to develop new educational programmes to enable our fellow citizens to achieve their educational goals without sacrificing their language and cultural heritage. Fortunately, the vice minister of education, Dr Rung Kaewdang, has already mentioned his intention to introduce bilingual education down South. However, we need to have a common understanding on the concepts involved and seek the full participation of local people in order to succeed. Indeed, the introduction of bilingual education requires careful planning and must be accepted at all levels from the bureaucracy through to its introduction at the local level. Bilingual education means using two languages of instruction. As generally understood by a Bangkokian, it invokes the concept of an international school in which English and Thai are used for instruction, however using non-Thai curricula. At the other end of the spectrum, instruction in some particular subjects using say, English as the medium of instruction, does not really adhere to the concept of bilingual education.

Here we are referring to an educational system using Thai and local dialects within the context of the national curriculum. The two languages could be introduced either at the start of primary schooling or at a later time. However, according to Unesco, the most effective approach is to use the local language for the first few years of schooling, and then introduce the national language first verbally and then through reading, and later use that language for instruction.

We all agree that all citizens need to have a strong command of the Thai language in order to effectively participate in and benefit from economic and social development. This does not mean that all children must learn Thai when they begin primary school as this approach is known to be less effective and may create an educational handicap for children who have difficulty understanding Thai, which is not their mother tongue.

The well-documented fact of the matter is that children learn basic skills in reading and writing most effectively in their mother tongue. They also learn other subjects such as mathematics and social sciences most effectively in their mother tongue, especially in their earlier years of education. Later, knowledge and skills learned in the mother tongue can be easily transferred into learning the national language as well as exploring other subjects using the national language.

In the case of the southernmost provinces, the question is how to teach children to read and write in Melayu thin Thai. For a smooth transfer into learning Thai, the use of Thai script seems to make sense. Learning standard Malay using Yavee (or Roman) script and Thai language will be introduced at a later stage when children are already motivated to learn things they can relate to their own social context and environment. The use of Thai script, despite its advantages in helping a child learn the national language, has the drawback that it could be seen as another attempt at assimilation.

Using the local dialect in education has several advantages. In addition to improved educational achievement among children and the participation of parents in their children’s education that this would encourage, the local dialect would also be preserved and revitalised for future generations. Many Thais see elderly people in the southernmost provinces as disloyal to Thailand because they are reluctant to speak the national tongue. In fact, one should blame the failure of our education system to educate those who speak Melayu thin Thai in the Thai language. If most Thai students are unable to learn English in most Thai schools, it is understandable that educators in poor schools down South would also have similar difficulty teaching Thai. If locals from Thai-speaking districts are in greater number in the civil service for example, it is because of their command of Thai.

Many problems in the southernmost provinces can be eased if the issue of bilingual education is addressed. But introducing bilingual education requires careful planning and preparation. I already mentioned the writing system. As the local language belongs to local people, they should be involved in developing curriculum and learning material. Moreover, teachers need to be trained or additional local people need to be recruited and given special training to enable them to become teachers.

There is a long way to go. But with proper consultation, local acceptance and political will, we will make headway together to solving entrenched problems related to the long neglect and misunderstanding of local culture. It will take time to stop daily violence, but together we can work towards that goal.

Gothom Arya

Special to The Nation

Gothom Arya is the director of the Mahidol University Research Centre for Peace Building.

info in Chinese > 多利羊诞生十周年 科学家称
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Posted: Jul.06.2006 @ 12:44 pm
多利羊诞生十周年 科学家称克隆不等于完美
◇字体:[ ]  发表评论 来源:中国新闻网(06/07/06 07:47) 

资料图片 中新社摄

  中新网7月5日电 最新一期时代杂志报导,多利羊出生十年后的今天,科学家才逐渐了解,复制可能不是完美无缺的科技。


  据台湾联合报报道,十年前的七月五日,多利羊在英国爱丁堡附近出生,成为全球第一个复制成功的哺乳类动物,此后,世界各地实验室纷纷进行类似研究,希望复制这项突破,有朝一日可能复制出人类的阴影也无时或去。

 
  十年来,科学家陆续复制出十多种动物,如鼠、猫、牛、猪、马等,最近还复制出狗,但科学家也开始认真面对多利羊与普通羊有何不同的问题,并发现复制的动物都有某种缺陷。


  多利羊因患肺癌,已在二○○三年二月四日遭到安乐死处置,仅存活六年多。羊的寿命本来应该有十二年,但多利寿命只有预估值的一半,且出现细胞老化、关节炎等高龄动物才会出现的毛病,让某些科学家怀疑复制动物的可行性。


  另外,时代杂志指出,一般人原以为复制有如完美的复写,复制的动物从毛发到气质、脾性都与本尊雷同,但花大钱复制宠物猫的人却赫然发现,复制猫不论毛色或对主人的态度都和自己原先的爱猫不同。


  但这只是明显的差异而已,复制过程也可能使复制成功的动物基因组产生小缺陷。科学家愈了解多利羊当年复制的内部作业过程,愈对多利羊居然能活下来感到惊异。


  多利羊出生十年后的今天,科学家已先后复制出十多种动物,但成功率并未比多利羊当年高,用于复制的卵子,最后只有百分之二到百分之五成为活生生的动物。平均每只复制动物出生,都有数百个胚胎只活过头几天或头几星期,因为它们的发育缺陷过于严重,不能让它们出生。


  从在培养皿的头几天到在子宫的最后几天,再到出生后的头几周,复制的每个过程对复制的动物都很危险。相形之下,以试管婴儿胚胎植入技术制造的胚胎,如果在子宫安然度过一个月,成功出生的机率大得多。以多利羊为例,它实际上是两百七十七次复制中唯一存活的一个。复制动物成功是例外,而非通例。 (编译:吕理甡)

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